The volume "Revisiting Hormuz" gathers the proceedings of a Conference organized in March 2007 by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, through its Centre Culturel Calouste Gulbenkian in Paris. The year 2007, exactly five centuries after the Portuguese first landed on the island of Hormuz, seemed to the scientific coordinators Rui Manuel Loureiro and Dejanirah Couto a very appropriate moment to bring together a large group of specialists who could establish the current state of the art in field of the history of Portuguese interactions with Hormuz and the Persian Gulf region. The chronological borders of the Conference, quite naturally, were extended to the early decades of the 17th century, to include the final departure of the Portuguese from Hormuz in 1622, and subsequent developments. Although the focus of the Paris Conference was supposed to be history in any of its political, social, economic, or cultural variants, the complex nature of Portuguese interactions with Hormuz and Safavid Persia, and also the existence of an important monumental heritage of Portuguese origin in the Gulf area made the presence of art historians, architects, and archaeologists desirable.